The Family Tree An Organization - 958 Words

The family tree is an incredible nonprofit agency located in central Maryland in Baltimore city, with many programs for children, adults, and the community as whole. The Family Tree is the perfect combination of its predecessors â€Å"The Parents Anonymous of Maryland† and â€Å"The Child Abuse Prevention Center† in diversity, techniques and procedures and funding. While continuously succeeding, the Family Tree, still looks at their mission to guide them, which is, â€Å"Improving the community by providing families with proven solutions to prevent child abuse and neglect†(Thefamilytreemd.org). The family tree might be a relatively new agency in itself however, it is also a strong support system the community needs. Referring Families Overall, as a group we agreed that we each would refer families in need of the services that the Family Tree provide and our positions about the profession of social work nor more directly child welfare has not changed, because we all come from communities where we can see the change is still needed. The Family Tree is very children, family, community and relationship oriented. The actual site itself is warm and welcoming, when you first walk in, you see low ceilings and a long hallway, at the end is the front desk. It’s is an open space with an inviting waiting area. Our tour guide Ms. Stephanie Jacobs greeted the group in the waiting area and then led us to the children’s room. Which is newly renovated and furnished with everything needed to care forShow MoreRelatedDollar Tree Analysis1402 Words   |  6 PagesDollar Tree Analysis Name: Date: Analyze the business-level strategies The sluggish economy has created a perfect storm in favor of the retail business. Dollar Tree, Wal-Mart, and Dollar General have generated significant profits as a result of the sluggish economy. These firms have embraced the financial opportunity amid consumer pessimism. This evaluation will disgustRead MoreBeginning Your Search for Your Family Tree697 Words   |  3 PagesMany people have, at least at one point in their lives, had great curiosity about family members who came before them and whom they never met. Many of us have a vague notion that we come from immigrants to America who were fleeing a famine in Ireland or war in Europe or Central America, or political persecution in other parts of the world. Still others know that they had family members from another part of the globe who came to America to search for a better life, full of more promising opportunityRead MoreAnalysis Of Dollar Tree, Inc.1171 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction and overview Dollar Tree, Inc. is an American-based chain of discount variety stores, selling every item for one dollar or less. The company’s headquarters is in Chesapeake, Virginia and operates more than four thousand stores throughout the United Sates (DollarTree, Web). Its stores are supported by a national logistics network of nine distribution centers. The enterprise operates one dollar stores under the name Dollar Bills and Dollar Tree. The Enterprise also operates a multi-price-pointRead MoreBringing Joy At The Poverty1488 Words   |  6 Pagesless fortunate is something that should be obliged as being an individual who is a part of the community. For some people, their necessities are evident. When we see someone without a proper backpack or needed school supplies, it could be that their family does not have the money to get them these things. When people go to a clothes closet, it’s because that they are in need of clothes and can’t afford it. When children who di dn’t received a gift for Christmas, it’s because their parents couldn’t affordRead MoreEducating Volunteer With The Elderly1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have started two very well known organizations that were designed to help the children in the community. These two organizations are known as Kids First and WeCare. The heads of these organizations hold silent auctions, radio auctions, and clothes and food drives to donate to families within the community who are not able to afford to purchase these items on their own budgets. There are to girls who decided that they wanted to help the lower income families within our community and within theirRead MoreThe Salvation Army : An Organization1607 Words   |  7 Pagesthe love of God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and to meet human needs in His name without discrimination.† (The Salvation Army: Doing the Most Good, p. 2017) There is a Salvation Army Family Donation Store and there is a Salvation Army Corps and Community Center. The Family Donation Store is located at 433 Robeson Street and the phone number is (910)764-1041. The Operations Director is Sue Jordan and Ms. Pauletta also supervises an individual’s observations. There are a lot ofRead MoreDecision Making For The Success Of The Organization1336 Words   |  6 PagesDecision-making in management is essential to the success of the organization. Decision-making in one s personal life is just as essential. In making decisions it is important for a person to be aware o f different decision-making techniques, tools and approaches. In this paper I will explore two different tools of decision-making as applied to a decision that I need to make and I will also identify possible solutions to my decision. Lastly, I will compare the results of my two different techniquesRead MoreThe Keep Indianapolis Beautiful : A Great Appreciation For Art, Nature And Sense Of Community1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å" Keep Indianapolis Beautiful† organization is the reason there is a great appreciation for art, nature and sense of community in Indianapolis. As we know it today, Indianapolis is at its highest peak in employment and rated as one of the best cities to relocate to in America for better careers and quality of life. However, back in the 1940’s Indianapolis was referred to as a â€Å"raw, dirty and unkept city†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , a city people should avoid. Gangs, drugs, loitering and other illegal acts surfaced manyRead MoreTrees Can Make A Hug e Difference1105 Words   |  5 Pagesoften, a tree will help people who live near a freeway to reduce noise pollution. When the rain comes through the urban area, trees reduce ozone runoff by 100,000 gallons. A tree upgrades a property value of selling a residential home in the market. The Preservation Tree, shares a homeowner s experience of having a tree is important part of the property value. Cherri Childer is a homeowner and a tree value expresses interest. Cherri says,† I love trees. It adds nice a comfort. A tree addsRead MoreHere we have two companies in the same industry multiline retail who have very different1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiline retail who have very different strategies. In order to succeed, the way that employees are trained is crucial to implementing the strategy they are using to compete. This will be a comparison of the training methods of Big Lots versus Dollar Tree of their store associates and managers. First I will begin with Big Lots. Big Lots is a firm that offers an assortment of merchandise including consumables, seasonal products, furniture, house wares, toys and gifts. They acquire this merchandise from

Themes of Change - 883 Words

Themes of Change When you are born people are there to take care of you, love you, and guide you through life. As you grow up and life changes, you must take charge of your own life and not become so dependent on others. Throughout the course of life a person will encounter many changes, whether good or bad. In #8220;AP#8221;, #8220;The Secret Lion#8221;, and #8220;A Rose for Emily#8221;, the main characters in the stories are Sammy, the boys, and Miss Emily who face changes during their lives. All of these characters are in need of change. Because of their need for change, their lives will become much better. They are filled with wonder and awe about the world around them. No matter what type of person, everyone will†¦show more content†¦When finding out the fantasyland was nothing more than a golf course, their lives took a huge step toward adulthood. They discovered change; nothing is what it seems. Everything changes for the boys throughout the course of their l ives. They change from being naive about the world to becoming intelligent and perceptive about their lives. The boys#8217; lives changed from childhood to adulthood because of their curiousness and determination toShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Change In The Song Of Solomon1267 Words   |  6 PagesChange is inevitable. People change, places change, everything is constantly changing and evolving. Toni Morrison writes the American literature novel, The Song of Solomon, as a way to portray the difficulties of change among people and society from 1931 to 1963. Milkman Dead lives in an oppressive society where there is no change. At the age of thirty, he lives with his parents, Ruth and Macon Dead, and sisters First Corinthians and Magdelena called lena. Because of this, he does not know how toRead MoreTheme Of Change In The Poisonwood Bible867 Words   |  4 Pages Change is something that happens to everyone, and it can shape one’s future. Whether it be one personally adjusting their ethics, location, or habits, or someone who is close modifying themselves in a similar way, everyone experiences some change. This change occurs everywhere and throughout one’s daily life and it can create a lasting impact. In The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, there are many changes that the Price family experiences. At the start of the book this change relies on theRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Change in Madame Bovary884 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Change in Madame Bovary      Ã‚  Ã‚   Change is a central theme in the novel Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert, and is key to understanding the character of Emma Bovary. Through parallel events the reader comes to realize that Emmas need for change is the result of the influence her early life had upon her. At the convent Emma is left to develop into an extreme romantic with high hopes for excitement and dreams of sensuous pleasures that will never be fulfilled. Thus, when life refusesRead MoreThe Theme Of Change And Transformation In The Alchemist By Paulo Coelho1382 Words   |  6 Pagesby the Brazilian author Paulo Coelho, originally written in Portuguese in 1988 and later translated to English in 1993, which follows the journey of Santiago on his quest to not only follow his Personal Legend, but also to discover a world full of changes and transformations. Looking at this story at first glance might give you the feel that it will be about a boy on a quest filled with the expected trials that test his h eart, strength, and character. Elements like this are present, however, the storyRead MoreExplorations in Themes of Change in â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka716 Words   |  3 PagesSamsa tries to grow accustomed to his newfound change. In the novella, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka, the idea of change, in both a physical and metaphorical form, is explored. The protagonist, Gregor Samsa, wakes one morning to find himself transformed into a horrendous bug. The remainder of the novella shows how this change in form impacts both Samsa and his family, and how his transition into a bug was far from just a physical change. This change represents the internal conflicts that SamsaRead MoreTom Stoppards Play : The Themes Of Technological Change In Arcadia899 Words   |  4 Pagesscience, the rumble of Mr. Noakes steam engine signals another revolution that ultimately made the iPhone 7 possible: the Industrial Revolution. By focusing on two moments of technol ogical change through the lens of a single room that doesnt change all that much, the play suggests that the more things change, the more they stay the same. The way characters were personified was definitely intriguing. Each character, of course, gets to speak for him or herself on an equal footing with the audienceRead MoreOvids Metamorphoses : The Theme Of Change And Mythology In Ancient Greek Mythology1582 Words   |  7 Pageshis transformation into an ass in The Golden Ass. An important text that involved many myths is Metamorphoses, written by Ovid. This epic involved many stories of different gods and different humans and their interactions. The main theme in this epic is the theme of change and transformation, which is the center of most of the myths that are told in the epic. One myth that is significant is of the death of Orpheus. This myth portrayed interactions between a god and humans. The myth of the death of OrpheusRead MorePleasantville Analysis of Film Techniques against the Theme of Change2162 Words   |  9 Pagesattitude towards change? Refer to three specific episodes from the film. (excl. concl. stages)In Pleasantville, the filmmaker, Gary Ross, conveys his attitude towards change through the characters of David and Jennifer who are transported into the 1950s sitcom Pleasantville. He doesnt necessarily demonstrate change to bear a positive result; rather, he addresses that change is essential to the development of society and self and that it is important to understand and accept change. Ross contrastsRead MoreEssay about Themes of The Village by the Sea by Anita Desai 939 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of The Village by the Sea by Anita Desai The novel, the village by the sea by Anita Desai is about how Hari and Lila struggle for the survival of their family in the absence of their drunken father and ill mother. As portrayed in the beginning of the novel, the opening scene is described to be an unstable environment. This is reflected by the setting of the waves and how they are portrayed to be unstable as the author uses phrases such as high tide and low tide to showRead MoreTo What Extent Is Of Mice and Men More Effective Than Rainman in Giving Us Understandings of Loneliness and Friendship?1553 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness of its themes with the movie Rainman. The importance of each theme differs in both- in Steinbecks novel, loneliness is the most dominant theme, and in Rainman the major theme is friendship. Levinson and Steinbeck both do a brilliant job at showing the major themes in both materials to the greatest of their potential, and the minor themes are somewhat overpowered because of this. One extremely clever way that Steinbeck has more effectively conveyed the theme of loneliness to the

Advantage of Non-Financial Measures Free Essays

advantages Non-financial measures offer four clear advantages over measurement systems based on financial data. First of these is a closer link to long-term organizational strategies. Financial evaluation systems generally focus on annual or short-term performance against accounting yardsticks. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage of Non-Financial Measures or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not deal with progress relative to customer requirements or competitors, nor other non-financial objectives that may be important in achieving profitability, competitive strength and longer-term strategic goals. For example, new product development or expanding organizational capabilities may be important strategic goals, but may hinder short-term accounting performance. By supplementing accounting measures with non-financial data about strategic performance and implementation of strategic plans, companies can communicate objectives and provide incentives for managers to address long-term strategy. Second, critics of traditional measures argue that drivers of success in many industries are â€Å"intangible assets† such as intellectual capital and customer loyalty, rather than the â€Å"hard assets† allowed on to balance sheets. Although it is difficult to quantify intangible assets in financial terms, non-financial data can provide indirect, quantitative indicators of a firm’s intangible assets. One study examined the ability of non-financial indicators of â€Å"intangible assets† to explain differences in US companies’ stock market values. It found that measures related to innovation, management capability, employee relations, quality and brand value explained a significant proportion of a company’s value, even allowing for accounting assets and liabilities. By excluding these intangible assets, financially oriented measurement can encourage managers to make poor, even harmful, decisions. We Suggest†¦ Jeremy Siegel on the Market: Rough Going for Now, but Stocks Still a Good Bet Re-examining Stock Options as a Way to Compensate Executives Measures That Matter: Aligning Performance Measures With Corporate Strategy Building Companies That Leave the World a Better Place The Art and Science of Measuring CEO Performance Third, non-financial measures can be better indicators of future financial performance. Even when the ultimate goal is maximizing financial performance, current financial measures may not capture long-term benefits from decisions made now. Consider, for example, investments in research and development or customer satisfaction programs. Under U. S. accounting rules, research and development expenditures and marketing costs must be charged for in the period they are incurred, so reducing profits. But successful research improves future profits if it can be brought to market. Similarly, investments in customer satisfaction can improve subsequent economic performance by increasing revenues and loyalty of existing customers, attracting new customers and reducing transaction costs. Non-financial data can provide the missing link between these beneficial activities and financial results by providing forward-looking information on accounting or stock performance. For example, interim research results or customer indices may offer an indication of future cash flows that would not be captured otherwise. Finally, the choice of measures should be based on providing information about managerial actions and the level of â€Å"noise† in the measures. Noise refers to changes in the performance measure that are beyond the control of the manager or organization, ranging from changes in the economy to luck (good or bad). Managers must be aware of how much success is due to their actions or they will not have the signals they need to maximize their effect on performance. Because many non-financial measures are less susceptible to external noise than accounting measures, their use may improve managers’ performance by providing more precise evaluation of their actions. This also lowers the risk imposed on managers when determining pay. How to cite Advantage of Non-Financial Measures, Papers

Medium of Music Essay Example For Students

Medium of Music Essay Duration is the length of sound in time. The varying length of sounds in time creates rhythm, and these variations are what make compositions interesting. In music, time is indicated by symbols we call notes. Intensity means the loudness and softness of a sound produced by the varying degrees of pressure applied to the instrument producing the sound. It evokes the emotional features in music as music moves from loud to soft and vice versa. Symbolic indications of intensity are often written in Italian likeliest (loudly), fortissimo (very loudly), piano (softly) and pianissimo (very botfly). Indications of softness and loudness are written as crescendo(becoming louder), decrescendo (decrease loudness) or diminuendo(becoming softer). Pianoforte is the longer name of piano, because it was an innovative instrument in the 17th century Italy that allowed the dynamics of softness (piano) and loudness (forte) to be reproduced by its mechanisms. The Musical Instruments The Western Orchestra has the following classification of instruments: Strings. The string section includes the violins, violas, violoncello (cello) and double bass (string bass). They produce sound because a string stretched across these instruments bodies vibrate. Vibrations are produced by horsehair stretched in a violins bow rubbing over these strings or by fingers plucking them. The string section is the nucleus of an orchestra. The Musical Instruments nucleus of an orchestra. Violin By dietitian Cello String Bass Woodwind. Woodwinds produce sound with musicians blowing air through them, directly across a hole or through a reed or reeds at the mouthpiece. Instruments in this section are made of tubes with holes which are closed or opened by the fingers r a set of keys to vary the pitch of tones. Examples are clarinets, oboes, English horns, bassoons and concentrations. Clarinet Oboe English horn Contrabass Bassoon Brass. Brass are instruments cylindrical tubes with bell-shaped ends molded from brass (an alloy of copper and zinc). Musicians blow in a special way into conical mouthpieces to produce tones. Examples are trumpets, trombones, French horns and the tubas. They provide style to climactic moments of an orchestral piece. Trumpet Trombone French horn Tuba Percussion. Percussion instruments are played by striking, scraping, shaking or scratching them using hands, sticks or other hard objects. Examples are timpani or kettledrums, xylophones, glockenspiel (or lyre) and vibraphone and family of drums (snare, bass, tomato etc), cymbals, chimes, triangles and gongs. They provide rhythmic accents of the percussion section. Timpani Xylophone Glockenspiel Snare drum Bass drum Tomato drum Cymbals Chimes Triangles Gongs Piano and guitar both belong to string and percussion sections : string section if they lay melody and percussion section if they play rhythm. Different Musical Ensemble Symphonic or Philharmonic Orchestra. It is a large music ensemble that may have over hundred members and have a complete set of string, woodwind, brass and percussions. Example is the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra (POP). Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra Slovakia Philharmonic Orchestra Chamber Orchestra. It is a music ensemble that may have members of about 30 to 50 instrumentalists also divided in orchestra section of instruments. Prague Chamber Orchestra String Quarter. It may have as few as 4 members only : 2 violins, viola and cello. Allegretto String Quarter Woodwind Quintet. It is composed of musicians playing flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and French horn. Dorian Wind Quintet Jazz Band. It may have a pianist, drummer, string bassist. Jazz Band Combo. It may have 5 musicians who play lead guitar, bass guitar, rhythm guitar and drums and keyboard. Combo * Conductor The director of the orchestra. He has to know the every detail of the

Google Business Administration

Table of Contents Executive Summary Problem Statement Analysis Alternative Courses of Action Recommendation Implementation References Executive Summary Stiff completion is the major problem being faced by Google in the search engine industry. The already established and emerging companies have new features that attract users to them (Pichette, 2011). A careful analysis of the competition in the search engine industry brings out some interesting findings.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Google: Business Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, the main objective of competing is to retain users and attract new ones. The emergence of new technologies has introduced a lot of competition in all facets of online business. Vertical search engines give the users an opportunity access e-commerce websites without the use of Google (Pichette, 2011). Bing and Yahoo are the major competitors of Google because they of can be used for general purposes. Social networks have become popular in recent times with many users preferring their use in referring products and services. Google has some alternative courses of action to solve this problem. The company can use he relevant modern technologies to come up with new products and services that will attract new customers. Investment in innovation is another long term strategy of dealing with competition (Levene, 2010). Investment in innovation is the most recommended course of action because it is the basis of generating new products and services and improving the existing ones. This strategy is implemented by hiring of the best talents in the industry and retaining the existing ones. Google has enough resources to invest in innovation and research for growth and sustainability. Problem Statement The search engine industry is intensely competitive and Google being of the major players faces this risk. The emergence of new compani es that offer a variety of services like social networking sites, vertical search engines and general purpose search engines has increased completion in the industry. This is a major problem for Google because the stiff competition can make it lose its revenues especially from advertisements (Pichette, 2011). Both emerging and established companies are a threat to Google’s market dominance.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company also faces stiff completion from offline forms of advertisement like billboards, magazines, television and radio (Pichette, 2011). There are a lot of companies offering online services and products with unique features that attract a lot of users. The Google Company faces a great challenge in maintaining their dominance in online business. Analysis The main objective of competing is to retain users and attract new ones. The emergence of new technologies has introduced a lot of competition in all facets of online business. Vertical search engines give the users an opportunity access e-commerce websites without the use of Google (Pichette, 2011). Bing and Yahoo are the major competitors of Google because they of can be used for general purposes. Social networks have become popular in recent times with many users preferring their use in referring products and services. Alternative Courses of Action The stiff completion has forced Google to come up with alternative courses of action to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors (Pichette, 2011). To begin with, the company can apply modern technology in creating new products and services that are user- friendly and easy to access. Google can also decide to invest heavily in innovation by hiring and training the best talents in the industry. Innovation is a very essential tool in the generation of user traffic. Recommendation For the Google Company to continu e having a competitive advantage over its competitors, it should invest heavily in innovation. Innovation helps a great deal in coming up with new services and products that will in turn give the company a competitive advantage over its competitors (Saieh, 2008). A company with innovative minds will enhance a corporate culture that focuses on continuous improvement of products and services.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Google: Business Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Implementation Investment in innovation as a strategy for gaining competitive advantage requires a lot of financial resources for its implementation. Google is a financially stable company and this is not a cause for worry at all. Implementation of this strategy involves retaining, recruitment and training of the best talents in the industry (Levene, 2010). The promotion of teamwork and creativity in order to attract advertis ers and other users is essential. Innovation entails the creation of new products and services and improvement of the existing ones. Innovation is also supported by an effective research and development department. References Levene, M. (2010). An introduction to search engines and web navigation. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Pichette, P. (2011). 2010-google annual report. Web. Saieh, A. (2008). The secrete of getting listed at the top of search engines. New York, NY: Alexandra Saieh. This assessment on Google: Business Administration was written and submitted by user Xavi A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Major General Irvin McDowell in the Civil War

Major General Irvin McDowell in the Civil War The son of Abram and Eliza McDowell, Irvin McDowell was born at Columbus, OH on October 15, 1818. A distant relation of cavalryman John Buford, he received his early education locally. At the suggestion of his French tutor, McDowell applied to and was accepted at the College de Troyes in France. Commencing his studies abroad in 1833, he returned home the following year after receiving an appointment to the US Military Academy. Returning to the United States, McDowell entered West Point in 1834. West Point A classmate of P.G.T. Beauregard, William Hardee, Edward Allegheny Johnson, and Andrew J. Smith, McDowell proved a middling student and graduated fours years later ranked 23rd in a class of 44. Receiving a commission as a second lieutenant, McDowell was posted to the 1st US Artillery along the Canadian border in Maine. In 1841, he returned to the academy to serve as an assistant instructor of military tactics and later served as the schools adjutant. While at West Point, McDowell married Helen Burden of Troy, NY. The couple would later have four children, three of whom survived to adulthood. Mexican-American War With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, McDowell left West Point to serve on Brigadier General John Wools staff. Joining the campaign in northern Mexico, McDowell participated in Wools Chihuahua Expedition. Marching into Mexico, the 2,000-man force captured the towns of Monclova and Parras de la Fuenta before joining Major General Zachary Taylors army. prior to the Battle of Buena Vista. Attacked by General Antonio LÃ ³pez de Santa Anna on February 23, 1847, Taylors badly outnumbered force repulsed the Mexicans. Distinguishing himself in the fighting, McDowell earned a brevet promotion to captain. Recognized as a skilled staff officer, he finished the war as assistant adjutant general for the Army of Occupation. Returning north, McDowell spent much of the next dozen years in staff roles and the Adjutant Generals office. Promoted to major in 1856, McDowell developed close relationships with Major General Winfield Scott and Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston. The Civil War Begins With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and the resulting secession crisis, McDowell assumed a position as the military advisor to Governor Salmon P. Chase of Ohio. When Chase departed to become US Secretary of the Treasury, he continued in a similar role with new the governor, William Dennison. This saw him oversee the states defenses as well as direct recruitment efforts. As volunteers were recruited, Dennison sought to place McDowell in command of the states troops but was forced by political pressure to give the post to George McClellan. In Washington, Scott, the US Armys commanding general, designed a plan for defeating the Confederacy. Dubbed the Anaconda Plan, it called for a naval blockade of the South and a thrust down the Mississippi River. Scott planned to assign McDowell to lead the Union army in the west but Chases influence and other circumstances prevented this. Instead, McDowell was promoted to brigadier general on May 14, 1861, and placed in command of the forces gathering around the District of Columbia. McDowells Plan Harassed by politicians who desired a quick victory, McDowell argued to Lincoln and his superiors that he was an administrator and not a field commander. Additionally, he stressed that his men lacked sufficient training and experience to mount an offensive. These protests were dismissed and on July 16, 1861, McDowell led the Army of Northeastern Virginia into the field against a Confederate force commanded by Beauregard which was located near Manassas Junction. Enduring severe heat, the Union troops reached Centreville two days later. McDowell initially planned to mount a diversionary attack against the Confederates along Bull Run with two columns while a third swung south around the Confederate right flank to cut their line of retreat to Richmond. Searching for the Confederate flank, he sent Brigadier General Daniel Tylers division south on July 18. Pushing forward, they encountered enemy forces led by Brigadier General James Longstreet at Blackburns Ford. In the resulting fighting, Tyler was repulsed and his column was forced to withdraw. Frustrated in his attempt to turn the Confederate right, McDowell altered his plan and began efforts against the enemys left. Complex Changes His new plan called for Tylers division to shift west along the Warrenton Turnpike and conduct a diversionary attack across the Stone Bridge over Bull Run. As this moved forward, the divisions of Brigadier Generals David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman would swing north, cross Bull Run at Sudley Springs Ford, and descend on the Confederate rear. Despite having crafted an intelligent plan, McDowells attack was soon hampered by poor scouting and the overall inexperience of his men. Failure at Bull Run While Tylers men arrived at the Stone Bridge around 6:00 AM, the flanking columns were hours behind due to poor roads leading to Sudley Springs. McDowells efforts were further frustrated as Beauregard began receiving reinforcements via the Manassas Gap Railroad from Johnstons army in the Shenandoah Valley. This was due to inactivity on the part of Union Major General Robert Patterson who, after a victory at Hokes Run earlier in the month, failed to pin Johnstons men in place. With Pattersons 18,000 men sitting idle, Johnston felt safe shifting his men east. Opening the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, McDowell initially had success and pushed back the Confederate defenders. Losing the initiative, he mounted several piecemeal attacks but gained little ground. Counterattacking, Beauregard succeeded in shattering the Union line and began driving McDowells men from the field. Unable to rally his men, the Union commander deployed forces to defend the road to Centreville and fell back. Retiring to the Washington defenses, McDowell was replaced by McClellan on July 26. As McClellan began constructing the Army of the Potomac, the defeated general received command of a division. Virginia In the spring of 1862, McDowell assumed command of the armys I Corps with the rank of major general. As McClellan began shifting the army south for the Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln required that sufficient troops be left to defend Washington. This task fell to McDowells corps which assumed a position near Fredericksburg, VA and was redesignated the Department of the Rappahannock on April 4. With his campaign inching forward on the Peninsula, McClellan requested that McDowell march overland to join him. While Lincoln initially agreed, the actions of Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley led to the cancellation of this order. Instead, McDowell was directed to hold his position and send reinforcements from his command to the valley. Back to Bull Run With McClellans campaign stalling in late June, the Army of Virginia was created with Major General John Pope in command. Drawn from Union troops in northern Virginia, it included McDowells men which became the armys III Corps. On August 9, Jackson, whose men were moving north from the Peninsula, engaged part of Popes army at the Battle of Cedar Mountain. After a back and forth fight, the Confederates won a victory and forced Union troops from the field. Following the defeat, McDowell sent part of his command to cover the retreat of Major General Nathaniel Banks corps. Later that month, McDowells troops played a key role in the Union loss at the Second Battle of Manassas. Porter Later War In the course of the fighting, McDowell failed to forward critical information to Pope in a timely manner and made a series of poor decisions. As a result, he ceded command of III Corps on September 5. Though initially blamed for the Union loss, McDowell largely escaped official censure by testifying against Major General Fitz John Porter later that fall. A close ally of the recently-relieved McClellan, Porter was effectively scapegoated for the defeat. Despite this escape, McDowell did not receive another command until being appointed to lead the Department of the Pacific on July 1, 1864. He remained on the West Coast for the rest of the war. Later Life Remaining in the army after the war, McDowell assumed command of the Department of the East in July 1868. In that post until late 1872, he received a promotion to major general in the regular army. Departing New York, McDowell replaced Major General George G. Meade as head of the Division of the South and held the position for four years. Made commander of the Division of the Pacific in 1876, he stayed in the post until his retirement on October 15, 1882. During his tenure, Porter succeeded in obtaining a Board of Review for his actions at Second Manassas. Issuing its report in 1878, the board recommended a pardon for Porter and was harshly critical of McDowells performance during the battle. Entering civilian life, McDowell served as Parks Commissioner for San Francisco until his death on May 4, 1885. He was buried at San Francisco National Cemetery.

International corporate accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International corporate accounting - Essay Example In 1934 a Securities Exchange Act was formulated giving the SEC a statutory authority of setting up standards for financial accounting and reporting but this would target publicly held companies only. However, the SEC is often dependent upon the private sector in policy formulation. (Financial Accounting Standards Board’s website, 2011) On the other hand, The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent, private-sector body based in the UK that develops, approves and promotes International Financial Reporting Standards, whose operations are directed by the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation. It was formed in 2001 to replace the International Accounting Standards Committee which had existed since 1973 through an agreement made by professional accountancy bodies from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and the United States of America. Other members became part in the following years. (Deloitte IAS Plus’s website, 2011) The IFRS foundation is an independent, not-for-profit private sector organization working in the interest of the public. Its objectives are formulating a unified set of high quality and apprehensible international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) that can be enforced and will be globally accepted, promote their application, it takes into consideration the needs of emerging economies and small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) (Financial Accounting Standards Board’s website, 2011).This is achieved through the IASB for development and publishing together with overseeing their interpretation on all the sectors. In order to achieve global acceptance and adoption of the IFRSs, the IFRS foundation and the IASB involves relevant stakeholders around the world, including investors, national standard-setters, regulators, auditors, academics, and among others. According to Seyfarth (2008) by November 2008, 113 countries

Tabacco use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tabacco use - Essay Example 250 billion this has outpaced the growth in national income and foreseeable future. Tobacco is mostly used by the young generation or the youth in the community. This population are the most focused group that have become addicts of the use of tobacco. The role of population in the community depends highly on upon the goals of the initiative, the context and leadership of the community, and the capabilities and resources available. T population is responsible for development aspects that address long term needs and promotes the community development. This would require a long term outlook on drug usage as well as paying particular attention to the group in the early years. Integrators role is not one size fits all, but rather must be flexible to adapt in response to the needs of the needs of the community or population it serves (McGuire, Leypoldt & Ward, 2007). The population availability is important to be considered since they provide basis for research of the effects of usage of tobacco I the community. With the growing population the government of the USA has passed the health care reform bill that have created incentives for health care organizations to manage more health and financial risks that are associated with the use of tobacco in the society. Discussion The youth group are found beyond any boundaries of any community therefore they exist within the available neighbourhood. But in some areas there are geographic boundaries that separate these communities, but the only thing that makes the difference is the difference in the state regulation within these geographical boundaries. The group’s characteristics do not change despite the geographical boundary. This community is not limited to any setting since the state regulation lies within the US statutes therefore the effect of limit is not available. The group of teenagers that are highly involved in the use of tobacco are located in Miami in Florida since it is a beach that is more exposed to drug importation. Community assessment can be done at any time and to some extend the community need assessment so to provide local stakeholders with the information they need to prioritize their most pressing needs and to identify approaches to address the available concerns. The population of the Miami was found to be 399,457 in 2012 compared 362,563 in 2000. This has indicted a population increase of 10.2% from 2000 to 2012. When discussing the demographic of the community it is important to consider the language that is being spoken in the discussed community. There are 25% of people speaking English, 67% speaking Spanish, while 46.7% are married. Understanding the community requires basic demographic results, many of which are available in the US Bureau of the census. The comparison of this population within the periods will enable the community to assess short term trends in the age and distribution of the available resources in the society. To assess the community values you are as well required to have an up-to-date profile of the community. The data available should be able to compare city level information. After identification of key questions that regards the geographical boundaries of a community it is important to answer through the community needs assessment, considering the best data collection option that can be used to verify

Project Risk Management Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Risk Management Paper 1 - Essay Example It is important to clarify here that risks can be both positive and negative. Therefore, we can also define risk management as the act of reducing negative risks while trying to maximize positive risks. The process of risk management involves determining the outcome of the risk and using it to refine the objectives of the project, determining loose ends, and thus, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the overall project. We can define the process project risk management into several steps, however, organizations usually combine the steps according to ease of use and utility. One of the main objectives of project risk management is to identify the risks with the highest consequences and possibility of occurrence and then develop possible action plans in case any of risk actually occurs (). Progressive elaboration, which improves the management’s ability to handle details well also encompasses risk definition as part of its process. Organizations depict different behavior s when it comes to handling risk. Firms that are aggressive and are in a sustainable leading position in their industry would take up projects that are very risky. Similarly, in such firms project managers with creative, innovative ideas are welcome in spite of the project being risky. On the other hand, risk averse organization who are mostly followers in their industry would hesitate from taking on risky project and project managers who take on risk and are aggressive in their management approaches would not be welcome here (What is a project, pg14). The initiating, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing process groups consists of sub-processes that are used throughout the project lifecycle. These are the knowledge areas (Creating the project charter, pg 44). The monitoring and controlling and execution process groups are very high on the risk probability of occurrence whereas the other process groups have low probability (What is a project, pg 29). The nine knowledge areas of PMBOK have been divided in such a way that each one involves some amount of integration of the other. Project risk management is core to any project and this is why, it begins with the development of project charter. The project charter is a formal document that authorizes the project to begin working and commit the resources. The project charter involves project statement of work, business case, contract, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets. Each aspect of the project charters involves some form of risk assessment such as under the enterprise environmental factors, a project manager has to assess the risk tolerance of the stakeholders meaning the level of risk, the stakeholders of the project and the firm are willing to take for the execution of the project. (Creating the project charter, pg 68). Process of Risk Management We can also define risk as the product of expected consequences of an event or loss and the likelihood of occu rrence. Risk could be characterized into two categories: Macro-risk and Micro-risk. Macro-risk is consideration of risk for a large population of events, where as micro-risk deals with risks on an event-by-event basis. Both forms of risk managements are used depending on the situation (Why project risk Management?, pg 2). Macro-risk Management – In the insurance and finance industries, risk is calculated using statistical tools: data collection, sampling, and data analysis.

Turkey and UK Relations

Turkey and UK Relations Introduction: The relationship between Turkey and United Kingdom is well-rounded and covers economic, politic, military and social aspects. In this paper, the relationship between Turkey and United Kingdom was divided as four section. These sections are information about United Kingdom, historical background of relationship, conflicts and cooperation between Turkey and United Kingdom. Nowadays, the relationship between United Kingdom and Turkey is seen in a golden age after the intensive mutual high-level visits and the Strategic Partnership Document in 2010.[1] The argument of this paper is even if there were some conflicts and historical grievances between UK and Turkey, the current relationship has a stringent links with the trade relations and alliances. Information About United Kingdom: As an European country United Kingdom has some differences from Continental Europe such as geographical and political. This differences have significant effect to determine the position of United Kingdom about the European Union membership of Turkey. United Kingdom as an island state do not have territorial neighbors and land borders so UK has an abstraction and isolation from Continental Europe. As political, United Kingdom has a constitutional monarchy unlike Europe. This system includes items from democracy, aristocracy and monarchy. While Queen who has a symbolic effect in policy of United Kingdom, symbolizes monarch items, on the other side elections, juristic system, political parties and House of Commons exhibit the democratic structure of United Kingdom. Besides, House of Lords shows the aristocratic items of United Kingdom. In the foreign policies of United Kingdom, USA has a significant role. According to Winston Churchill, United States of America should be preferential in the spheres of interest of United Kingdom. Therefore, generally foreign policies of UK are coordinated with USA. For instance, United States of America and United Kingdom had common operations such as Iraq War in 2003.In this regard, Turkey had and still have some common policies with United Kingdom. For example USA, Turkey and UK are the same side about the support to Syrian opposition. To understand the effect of United Kingdom in the foreign policy of Turkey, we should know the historical background of the relationship between UK and Turkey. Historical Background: The diplomatic relationship between Turkey and UK has started in sixteen century to against Spain as the common enemy . The first ambassador of United Kingdom in Ottoman Empire was William Harborne in 1583.[2] Ottoman Empire has established its first permanent embassy in UK in 18.century and Yusuf Agà ¢h Efendi as the first ambassador of Ottoman Empire in London, started his mission in 1793.[3] This diplomatic relations with United Kingdom was used by Ottoman Empire as a balance policy against Russia. Ottoman Empire was able to win Crimean War in 1853 against Russia with the assistance and alliance of United Kingdom. Moreover, Napoleons attack to Egypt was stopped by Ottoman Empire with the assistance of navy of United Kingdom. The balance policy of Ottoman Empire has availed until 19.century and UK has tried to protect Ottoman Empires territorial integrity against Russia until1878.After 1877-1878 War( 93 Warfare), UK changed its policy about protect the Ottoman Empires territorial integrity and tried to establish buffer zones against Russia.[4] Apart from alliances, United Kingdom and Ottoman Empire have been at war in World War One. In First World War, United Kingdom and Ottoman Empire have fought in Gallipoli Campaign and Middle East Campaigns. After the war and the defeat of Ottoman Empire, Ä °stanbul was occupied by United Kingdom and UK established mandates in Iraq and Palestine which was a part of Ottoman Empire. During the National Struggle Period, there was no a hot conflicts with United Kingdom. After the establishment of Republic of Turkey, political conflicts with UK has started about the Mosul issue. CONFLICTS: Despite there is no a current and serious conflict between UK and Turkey now, Mosul and Cyprus Dispute were important events and conflicts between Turkey and UK. After National Struggle , UK as a mandatory of Iraq had tension with Turkey towards on Mosul Issue. On the one hand, Turkey argued that Mosul is in National Pact , on the other hands United Kingdom believed that Mosul is significant and necessary for the dependence of Iraq because of the strategic location and oilfields of Mosul.[5] After the Lausanne Peace Treaty, Turkey and United Kingdom were not able to solve issue so UK applied to League of Nations. League of Nations has prepared a report which gave the region to Iraq and Turkey refused this decision and sides have applied to International Court of Justice.[6] The Courts gave decision that League of Nation decision is binding for two sides.[7] At the end, Turkey and United Kingdom has agreed about the Mosul and Turkey has accepted the decisions of League of Nations, on condition that Turkey will take the %25 of petrol income of Mosul over 25 years.[8]Hereby, sides were able to solve the conflict with peaceful methods, Mosul became a part of Iraq and UK and Turkey signed Ankara Treaty. As an another conflicts between UK and Turkey, Cyprus Issue has started with Enosis idea of Greek Cypriots. United Kingdom took part in this issue because when World War One started, United Kingdom annexed Cyprus in 1914 and UK has used the island a military based until the end of Second World War. After the decolonization, Republic of Cyprus was established under the Turkey, UK and Greeces guarantor in 1959. During the tension between Greeks and Turks in island, UK was against the military intervention of Turkey because of the British citizens who were living in island and also the cooperation with the Greeks was necessary for United Kingdom to continuity military bases of UK.[9]After the Cyprus intervention of Turkey, Turkish Cypriots declared the independent Turki sh Republic of Northern Cyprus. The United Kingdom does not recognize the TRNC which is only recognized by Turkey. The UK is a signatory state of the Treaty of Guarantee which concerning the independence and status of Cyprus. In terms of United Kingdom, there is more possibility about the solving Cyprus issue. United Kingdom hopes some alternative approaches can be developed which is more likely than previous efforts to built a peaceful settlement .In this regard, revenues from Cyprus possible gas reserves is seen an significant instrument to expedite for solving the issue peacefully.[10] In addition, 14 negotiation chapters of Turkey can not open because of the Cyprus issue so United Kingdom believes that the solution of this issue with gas reserving, causes a serious development about the Turkeys membership to European Union.[11] Despite all of this historical grievances, nowadays relations shape with the cooperation which have good trade relations and alliances between UK and Tur key. COOPERATIONS: Turkey had and still have some regional alliances such as CENTO and NATO.After the Second World War, the bipolar world system emerged and USA prepare some regional organizations such as NATO, CENTO and SEATO. CENTOS Original name was Middle East Treaty Organization. It was formed by United Kingdom, Iraq, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey in 1955. Its aim was to contain the Soviet Union and prevent Soviet expansion into the Middle East. The Iran Islam Revolution caused the end of the organization , however when Turkey invaded Cyprus it had already been finished in reality. As another regional organization NATO was formed to contain Soviet Union in the same way with CEATO too. This international military alliance system aims an common defence when a states attacks to a member state of NATO. Before Turkey became the member of NATO in 1952, United Kingdom had been a founding member of NATO. As military alliance, Turkey and United Kingdom meet some military practices such as Exercise Joint Warrio r .[12]Turkey and UK have various bilateral trade agreements such as the â€Å"2010 Strategic Partnership Document†, which was signed during Prime Minister Cameron’s visit to Turkey in July 2010, creates a road map to strengthen the strategic partnership. As a member of European Union, United Kingdom had significant trade relations which comes from the empire on which the sun never sets.After the decolonization period and the nationalization of the Suez Canal , United Kingdom started to lose its commercial advantage and headed to European Union.[13] When we look at the role of UK about European Union membership of Turkey, UK is one the big supporter of Turkey about membership of European Union. Rather than Germany and France, UK is not interested socio-cultural reasons and Turkey as a big developing economy is seen suitable and useful for EU by UK. Prime Minister of United Kingdom Tony Blair was one of the main supporter of Turkish membership to EU and likewise Blairâ €™s successor Gordon Brown argues the membership. This policy of United Kingdom is an evidence of the harmony with US and also United Kingdom prefers to wide European Union rather than to deep it.[14] With the occlusion of Turkeys membership about EU, idea of UK-style membership was created.[15] According to this membership, Turkey can be member like United Kingdom which does not include some parts of EU such as Euro and Schengen policy. As a thesis, this idea is seen that it can become possible membership of Turkey. Another area of cooperation is trade which have an significant effect between United Kingdom and Turkey.Turkey as an important trade partner of UK, Turkey-UK bilateral trade volume was 13,9 billion dollar in 2011. [16]Turkey has a trade surplus in trade with United Kingdom which is a developed country. There are 2.362 companies which have capital operating of United Kingdom in Turkey and UK’s direct investments have reached 917 million dollar in Turkey in 201 1 .[17] Last year, the export of Turkey to UK increased by 8 percent and become 8 billion 584 million 178 thousand dollar.[18] Thus, UK become the third partner in export list of Turkey after Germany and Iraq. Over the last year, Turkish firms exported to UK a lot of product. According to Exporters Assembly, clothing and apparel products have the biggest part of export to UK. In this sector, 12.48 percent of these products are gone to UK.[19] As leading export products of Turkey, textiles and raw materials export amount to UK are 321 million 167 thousand.[20] Beko, Yà ¼nSA, Vitra, Vestel, BMC, Desa Deri and Çimstone are Turkish firms which export to UK. [21]The top 5 imports categories from UK were: metalliferous ores and metal scrap, power generating machinery and equipment, road vehicles, medicinal and pharmaceutical products, iron and steel.[22] Vodafone, HSBC, TESCO, Marks Spencer and Harvey Nichols are important British firms which invest in Turkey.[23] Sometimes, trade b arriers emerged in the trade relations between Turkey and United Kingdom. As a member state of European Union, United Kingdom has some health, safety, environmental protection regulations which causes some difficulties to importation of Turkey to UK.[24] Despite these regulations, United Kingdom is one of flexible member of European Union about this issue. Another problem in trade relations between Turkey and United Kingdom is visa issue. Sometimes, Turkish businessmen have difficulties to getting visa.[25]There are also some events that harm the relations between United Kingdom and Turkey. The deficiency of Turkish law system and human right violations cause a negative international reputation for Turkey.[26] This kind of insufficiencies complicate to defend and support Turkey on the road of European Union membership in terms of United Kingdom.[27] In addition, the restriction of free expression and unfettered media in Turkey harms to relations and strategic partnership between Uni ted Kingdom and Turkey.[28]When we look at the social area ,there are 250 thousand Turkish citizens who is living in the UK and more than 2.5 million British tourists visited Turkey in 2011.[29] Moreover, 34.460 British citizens have 26.730 properties in Turkey.[30] Conclusion: Turkey and United Kingdom have good relations which comes from historical background. United Kingdom was an important figure as a balance policy in the foreign policy of Ottoman Empire. Even if there were some historical grievances, wars and conflicts in the history of Turkey-United Kingdom relationship, current relationship has a stringent links with the trade relations and alliances. With the good trade relations, support about the European membership and Strategic Partnership , the relationship between United Kingdom and Turkey is in golden age. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Asst. Prof. Dr Bahar Hurmi,European Union Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2013 Doà § Dr Ulvi Keser, Armenia Issue Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2012 European Union Center of North Carolina EU Briefings, Turkeys Quest for EU Membership ,March 2008 Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, T.C Ekonomi BakanlÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±, Ä °ngiltere, 2013 T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003 Joint Warrior TatbikatÄ ±, Atlas Okyanusu’nda baÃ…Å ¸ladÄ ±, Retrieved May 16, http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/dzkk-sgk/54668/joint-warrior-tatbikati-atlas-okyanusunda-basladi.html Sezgin Mercan, Tà ¼rkiye-AB Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kilerine Ä °ngiltere Modeli, February 2013 11 Ã…Å ¾ubat Ä °ngiltere BasÄ ±n Ãâ€"zeti ,RetrievedMay16, http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/basinozeti/2014/02/140211_basin_ozeti.shtml 1 [1] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [2] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [3] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [4]Doà § Dr Ulvi Keser, Armenia Issue Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2012 [5]William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 51 [6] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 51-52 [7] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 52 [8] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 52 [9] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 161 [10] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 11 [11]11 Ã…Å ¾ubat Ä °ngiltere BasÄ ±n Ãâ€"zeti ,RetrievedMay16, http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/basinozeti/2014/02/140211_basin_ozeti.shtml [12] Joint Warrior TatbikatÄ ±, Atlas Okyanusu’nda baÃ…Å ¸ladÄ ±, Retrieved May 16, http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/dzkk-sgk/54668/joint-warrior-tatbikati-atlas-okyanusunda-basladi.html [13] Asst. Prof. Dr Bahar Hurmi,European Union Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2013 [14] European Union Center of North Carolina EU Briefings, Turkeys Quest for EU Membership ,March 2008, p 6 [15] Sezgin Mercan, Tà ¼rkiye-AB Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kilerine Ä °ngiltere Modeli, February 2013 [16] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [17] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [18] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [19] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [20] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [21] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 3 [22] T.C Ekonomi BakanlÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±, Ä °ngiltere, 2013, p 4 [23] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 3 [24] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 9 [25] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 9 [26] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [27] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [28] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [29] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [30] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa

Symbol Of America :: essays research papers

The thing that I see that represents America is Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There have been numerous historical events that have been the basis for the forming of the United States of America that took place inside Independence Hall. Basically, everything that happened during the time of the Thirteen Colonies and a period of time after the Revolutionary War that involved political affairs, all took place in Independence Hall. This place was pretty much the earlier version of the United States Congress back in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s. Independence Hall, a historic monument of the United States of America, was where the U.S. first began to form from where the Continental Congress met to the place where the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution was signed to build it’s way to become one great nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, Independence Hall was where the Continental Congress held all their congregations that eventually led way to the independence of the United States. The Continental Congress was where all the forefathers of America from George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Hancock, and many others all decided to free America from British rule. And where else did this take place than at the site of Independence Hall, but after the Declaration of Independence was signed and a bloody war called the Revolutionary War was fought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were signed in Independence Hall. The Declaration was just a little document that brought the birth of a â€Å"new, free nation.† The beginning of the United States was on July 4, 1776 at the signing of the Declaration where all the forefathers of America risked their lives as patriots to get rid of an â€Å"evil† tyrant ruling from far away across the ocean, and to create a democracy that they could believe in. One more thing was that the United States Constitution was signed after the Revolutionary War to bring deserving and fair rights to every American citizen. Freedom and rights were achieved by these historic documents after they were signed to bring in a new country that has lasted for centuries and for centuries to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What other thing represents America better than the place of Independence Hall where America was actually born? There were many things that can also be seen as the symbol for America from such things as the President of the United States, to freedom, to the â€Å"American Dream†/ â€Å"the almighty dollar,† and so on.

Taskin Ahmed

What Is Globalization? Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. r Is it the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe? Or is it Americanization and United States dominance of world affairs? Is globalization a force for economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom? Or is it a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of the developing world, and suppression of human rights? Positive impacts of Globalization Globalization is the new catchphrase in the world economy, dominating the globe since the ninetie s of the last century. People relied more on the market economy, had more faith in private capital and resources, international organizations started playing a vital role in the development of developing countries. The impact of globalization has been fair enough on the developing economies to a certain extent. It brought along with it varied opportunities for the developing countries. It gave a fillip for better access to the developed markets. The technology transfer promised better productivity and thus improved standard of living.

Where Are You Going, Where have You Been -analysis of Connie

Where Are You Going, Where have You Been -analysis of Connie - PAGE 1 - Park PAGE 1"Where Are You Going, Where have You Been"Vanity can be exposed as one's greatest weakness. "Where Are You Going, Where have You Been", a short story written by Joyce Carol Oates, describes Connie's misconception of beauty as her only value, and also the ways in which Arnold Friend, a potential rapist and murderer, manipulates and takes advantage of Connie's vanity. Connie is a fifteen year old girl who knows the extent to which her beauty can be used to her advantage. Connie "knew she was pretty and that was everything." However, beauty causes Connie to become vain, and thus gives Connie the misconception that she is more powerful than the boys that are attracted to her. This proves that Connie believes her beauty allows her to transcend above other people, especially boys. As a result, although her beauteous physique can be seen as a benefit to Connie, her vanity proves to become her ultimate weakness and it leads to her demise as seen when Arnold Friend sta tes "I took a special interest in you, such a pretty girl".Just One TimeConnie becomes powerless in Arnold Friend's presence because he manipulates and takes advantage of her vanity and desire for attention.Connie's newly found sexuality as a teen gives her control over the boys she encounters at places such as the "fly-infested" drive in, which she describes as a "haven and blessing they yearned for." The drive- in, which is "fly-infested" in reality, is the "sacred building" where Connie believes that her beauty can be truly appreciated, whereas at her home, beauty is not acknowledged at all. As a result, Connie further embraces her beauty in order to satiate her need for attention. In her "trashy daydreams," Connie...

Free Essays on To an Athlete Dying Young

AE Housman Reading this poem I had several different impressions. First reading it in a literal aspect I saw a child who ran races and perhaps won. Even if he didn’t win he was made to feel like a winner. â€Å"And home we bought you shoulder high† (line 4) this says they bought him home proudly but not necessarily that he won. Next something happens to the runner that makes him unable to run, perhaps old age but I think death because of the following lines: Will flock to gaze the strength less dead†(line26) I also think there were key statements throughout to somewhat changed my thought pattern. In line 20 he says, â€Å"and the name died before the man.† This is saying that often as we grow older and began to change people forget all of the things that made us who we are. An example of this would be some older sports figures. Though the man lives own his life may be forgotten by many. I guess you could also compare this to life. We are young and boisterous one day (such as the runner in the beginning) and as time goes on we began to somewhat fall apart as we continue further through the... Free Essays on To an Athlete Dying Young Free Essays on To an Athlete Dying Young AE Housman Reading this poem I had several different impressions. First reading it in a literal aspect I saw a child who ran races and perhaps won. Even if he didn’t win he was made to feel like a winner. â€Å"And home we bought you shoulder high† (line 4) this says they bought him home proudly but not necessarily that he won. Next something happens to the runner that makes him unable to run, perhaps old age but I think death because of the following lines: Will flock to gaze the strength less dead†(line26) I also think there were key statements throughout to somewhat changed my thought pattern. In line 20 he says, â€Å"and the name died before the man.† This is saying that often as we grow older and began to change people forget all of the things that made us who we are. An example of this would be some older sports figures. Though the man lives own his life may be forgotten by many. I guess you could also compare this to life. We are young and boisterous one day (such as the runner in the beginning) and as time goes on we began to somewhat fall apart as we continue further through the...

Welfare Cost in the Government is Running out of Control Research Paper

Welfare Cost in the Government is Running out of Control - Research Paper Example Costs of different commodities are running out of control while the Medicare is unfairly limiting options for almost every American. The name of poverty still lingers in the minds of many (June & Mark, 2004). This is because, the poverty is tragic and is as rampant as it was at the onset of the fight against poverty and welfare programs in the outset of 1960s. The history of the American welfare is intriguing as the Congress and other policy makers can take divergent paths. The Fantasy path, which opines that Medicare and Social Security can survive even without structural reforms, the â€Å"Welfare Empire†, has no problems even upon keeping over fifty million Americans in dire poverty, and there is nothing wrong (Marx, 2004). However, this paper intends to show that the cost of welfare in government is running out of control and the only way to end this problem is through divergent means that it will highlight. Today, the level of poverty in America is high, the cost of medic al health is expensive, and overly the cost of living is becoming exorbitant. With reference to Austerity path, the concerned officials tend to turn a blind eye on these issues and concede that, the best days of American life are over, then cuts rations care, attests that things like incremental change are not enough and cannot meet the existing challenges (David, 2010). Additionally, the radically divergent paths taken by policymakers result to cut benefits and a Gingrich path of growth and innovation that concedes that poverty will remain to be an inevitably concurrent fact of all American lives (Howard, 2002). Nevertheless, it has come to most peoples’ minds that, in spite of all the challenges facing Americans today, there exist numerous and radical measures that can save Americans from cash drainage and continuous siphoning of welfare funds (Eric & Glenn 2004). One, in order to control the cost of welfare in government from running out of control, the government could sl ow the growth of welfare, promote personal responsibility, give portions of welfare assistance in form of loans instead of grants, and/or the government and the other concerned agencies could simply do away with the welfare (Mink & Rickie, 2003). Organizations likely to benefit Enacting these measures would relief a number of organizations of the burden of providing welfare funds to areas that require it. For instance, the government of United States spends lost of dollars in funding welfare services such as medical health, insurance, food aid agencies, public utility steering agencies, and many other organizations within the States (Marx, 2004). It is agreeable that, if only America could invest in ending or relinquishing the welfare services, it would save itself a big deal of responsibility (June & Mark, 2004). Therefore, the Government of the United States of America is one of the agencies that would benefit from stopping or easing the welfare services. Findings make it clear th at the Government of the United States does not service welfare all by itself. Other agencies facilitate initiation of the welfare funds and they include the US Department of Health, The Treasury Department, Human services Department, and non-governmental organizations such as the World Food Program, The World Health Organization, and the UNEP (Wenli, 2002). Slowing the growth for welfare As indicated in this paper, slowing the growth for welfare will be part of the efficient and reliable measures aimed ensuring that the cost of welfare in government does not run out of control (Eric & Glenn 2004). This is because, as the history of relief and help runs deep in the hearts of fake poor people, slowing the grow

Media and climategate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media and climategate - Research Paper Example Climatic Research Unit (CRU) is an internationally renowned research institution for climate change and global warming. The research done at CRU is globally accepted and practiced, for instance, global temperature record and other data sets.CRU was the key contributor of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report in 2007.It was a   collaboration between World Meteorological Organization(WMO) and United Nations Environment Program and considered to be the most authoritative of the likes(CNN). According to Seymour, climategate proved to be the starting point of a series of leaks that shook scientists’ long held and advocated belief that â€Å"the science is settled†. However, despite the authoritative position of CRU and far reaching impact of the leaked information, news media networks played soft on the whole incident. They seemed unshaken by the unethical course of action taken by the scientists whose claims were promoted by these networks over the years and gradually shaped public opinion. Surprisingly, since November 20, 2009, less than 10 percent of the global warming and climate change related news stories pointed towards any of the climate related scandals. The most disturbing email communication was among CRU Director Phil Jones and Penn State Scientist Michael Mann. The later is internationally renowned for his hockey stick graph of global warming which was the main feature of IPCC’s report in 2001.In e-mail Jones informed Mann that he worked on a trick to make addition in real temperature record of last 20 years in order to hide the decline. Other e-mails encourage criminal act of destroying information rather than passing them on to Freedom of Information requests(Seymour).Daily Mail(UK) reported on January 28,2010 that Information Commissioner discovered that ERU scientists are violating FOI law, but he couldn’t take legal action because of the statute of limitation(qtd. in

Young Turks Takeover of the Ottoman Empire 1913 Term Paper

Young Turks Takeover of the Ottoman Empire 1913 - Term Paper Example It is a well-known fact that empires were one of the core elements for the modernization of nations and states. In relation, one of the empires that are considered as essential parts of today’s government is the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire is considered as one of the greatest, long-term, and vast empire in history. The empire depicted stability and strength as it continued to widen its occupation. Moreover, the emergence of the Committee for Union and Progress, or most commonly known by many historians as Young Turks, played a significant role in the last years of the empire. In line with this, this paper will dwell on the takeover of the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire in 1913. The Ottoman Empire was established during the late thirteenth century and lasted even after the First World War. The territories of the empire were vast, which included most of the eastern Roman Empire, a few parts of the north Balkans, and north coast of the Black Sea. Moreover, the Ottoman T urks were composed of different groups of people who shared the Turkic language. These people were scattered throughout the west area of Central Asia from the ninth to the eleventh century.1 The other states associated with the Ottoman Empire, which include Europe, are tied beyond commercial activities and military crusade. The empire used religion and complimented the laws, tax, and political structure to Islamic ideologies and law. It is safe to say that the empire mostly banked on the central-Asians tradition, along with incorporating Persian and Arab legacies. These different legacies allowed the Ottoman Empire to stand strong for half of a millennium. The convergence of laws and religion in the empire was seen as a resurrection of the Byzantine Empire, though it was perceived as deformed.2 In retrospect, the Ottoman state was considered as one of the small states in Turkey. These states came into being during the fall of the Seljuk Turks. The small Ottoman state then started to create a link with other states, which brought all other dynasties to merge into one during the reign of Muhammad II. Furthermore, most of the parts of the Ottoman Empire were successors of the Byzantine Empire, which became a crucial part for the success of the empire. The Ottomans advantageous hold with the Bosporus and the Dardanelles became their buffer between the Latins in the West and Muslims in the Middle East. Nonetheless, the Byzantine was already weakened by the Fourth Crusade and the Western invasion.3 During the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, the leaders were Osman I, followed by Orkhan, next was Murad I, and Beyazid I. During the expansion, Bursa fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire along with the Adrianople, which both became a capital of the empire. Furthermore, the triumph over the Nikopol and the Kosovo Field by the empire stirred danger on the part of Europe.4 On the other hand, before the start of the World War I, the Ottoman Empire was already facing con flicts within its governance. One of the most prominent conflicts was the emergence of the Committee for Union and Progress, or group who is best known as the Young Turks. Furthermore, along with the emergence of the Young Turks is the development of nationalism in the countries and states of the empire.5 During the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in the Ottoman Empire, he was considered as hard ruler. For this reason, the dispute between the Turks and the Armenian ignited. In 1877, Russia fought the Ottoman Empire in order to take hold of the Balkan Peninsula to be able to access the Mediterranean Sea for trade and transport. However, in the course of transaction, the Treaty of San Stefano, which allowed the Russian to gain access to a few parts of the Balkan Pen

Internship Report Onroyal Cement Limited Essay Example for Free

Internship Report Onroyal Cement Limited Essay I would like to thank my Faculty Advisor Roushan Ara Sultana for giving me the opportunity to work with her during my period of internship. I have been able to compile and complete this report in a comprehensive manner due to the guidance, support and counseling that he has provided me with during this period. I have tried my best to implement her constructive suggestions while doing my report. I would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the help provided to me by some. My sincere gratitude goes to Mr. Forman Uddin Chowdhury; Director of personals of the company Operations and to Mr. Md Moonsur Ali; Assistant General Manager; Marketing, Sales Distribution for giving me time from their busy schedule, providing me with information that was required to complete the report, and for guiding me properly throughout the period of my internship. I would also like to thank all the employees of Royal Cement Limited who has supported me and co-operated with me during my internship period. Finally, my sincere thanks go to each and everyone who has helped and supported me significantly in different stages during the period of my internship. Page | 2 University of Science and Technology Chittagong Executive Summary Royal Cement Limited, one of the leading largest cement industries in Bangladesh emerged in 2001. The company is well known for producing quality cement at a low price. The head office and the commercial building of Royal Cement Limited are located in Kabir Manzil, Sheikh Mujib road, Agrabad, Chittagong-4100. The other office of Royal Cement Limited is located in Dhaka and their production house in Joramtal, Barakumira, Sitakunda in Chittagong. The team consists of two leading companies of Bangladesh, which are Kabir Steel Group BSA Group.

Three Big Ideas About Child Development Young People Essay

Three Big Ideas About Child Development Young People Essay Understanding child development means that we as carers and parents can understand skills and typical behaviours of children within our care, providing an environment which is nurturing and one that will foster growth. Laura Berk (2000) provides a simple definition of child development; a field of study devoted to understanding all aspects of human growth and change from conception through adolescence. (Berk: 2000, p4). This paper will look at three important theories of child development that you as a teacher or parent should know in order to understand the changes that take place from birth to adulthood. When we talk about child development we refer to three stages called development areas; Physical development involves the growth and change in a persons body and body functions. In this domain we look at the physiological and motor development as well as the influences of health, illness and nutrition. Cognitive development refers to the growth and change of a persons ability to process information, solve problems and gain knowledge. In this area we consider the study of brain development, memory, learning, thinking, language and creativity. Social-emotional development involves the growth and change of our interactions with others and our feelings. Included in this area is the study of relationships, emotions, personality and moral development. Whilst we discuss each area of development separately it is important to realise that they do overlap. One domain can influence the other. Interest in the field of child development began early in the 20th-century. (ref) Many theories have been put forward to explain why and how children develop. Theorist Jean Piaget played a major influence on the way we understand children. He explained childrens development in terms of their cognitive development in a theory known as Piagets theory of cognitive development. Piaget believed that children think differently from adults, arguing that its not that children know less than adults but their thinking skills are qualitatively different. (ref) Many of his ideas came from observing his own children. Piaget was convinced that intellect grows through processes he termed assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation refers to using existing mental patterns in new situations. (ref) In accommodation, existing ideas are modified to fit new requirements. Thus, new situations are assimilated to existing ideas, and new ideas are created to accommodate new experiences. In his theory children mature through a series of distinct stages in intellectual development. Sensorimotor (0-2years): Piaget believed that an infant is born with no way of making sense of the world. Infants use reflexes which act on the world in specific ways so that the child gradually adapts to the world. Motor movements are seen as the basis for the eventual development of intelligence. These slowly become separated from motor activity as the child learns to represent objects, actions and thoughts through play and language. According to Piaget, object permanence emerges during infancy. This relates to the understanding that objects continue to exist even though they are out of sight. Preoperational (2-7 years): Piaget describes toddlers thinking as illogical. This is due to two main characteristics of their thinking processes; egocentricism and centation. Piaget sees young childrens thinking as egocentric; meaning they can only see things from their point of view. They cannot take into account the ideas or needs of others. Due to their stage of cognitive development their thinking is not yet flexible enough to consider more than one aspect of a given situation. They are now in a stage of self-centred thinking. (ref). Centration is the term Piaget uses to describe young childrens tendency to focus their attention on a single aspect of a situation or object. This is where Piagets experiment for the conservation of volume. This stage of development also describes toddlers having improved memory skills, problem solving skills and begin to understand concepts; for example, words such as big and small, colours and the ability to recite numbers. (ref) As children progr ess into pre-school, children practise mental representations by using mental imagery and language symbols. (Ref) Concreter Operational (7-12years): The typical school aged child is entering this stage of development. Children begin to think logically however, they tend to need concrete objects to help them solve problems rather than being able to use abstract ideas. (ref). Piaget would describe the school age child as less egocentric. According to his theory a child is now able to view the world and themselves from other perspectives. (ref) Children at this stage have a longer attention span, a better concept of time and distance and their ability to remember improves. Formal Operational (12-15years): Children at this stage break away from concrete objects and thinking is based more on abstract principles, such as honour or democracy. (ref). Full adult intellectual ability is attained during this stage. For Piaget, the development of scientific reasoning is the pinnacle of development. (Vialle, Lysaght, and Verenikina: 2008, p55). At this stage older adolescents can comprehend math, physics and other abstract systems. (ref). Some critics have faulted Piagets theory on several grounds but mostly for its vagueness. Some would say that Piagets theory has limited our perception of childrens capabilities- particularly in the pre-school years. (ref). Others may say there has been too much focus on what children cant do rather than what they can. According to Siegler (2004) children continuously gain specific knowledge; they do not undergo stage like leaps in general mental ability. (more) However, Piagets work has encouraged us to see childrens cognitive skills as being different from those of adults. His theory is valuable for understanding how children think. If we understand how children think and learn we can provide a stimulating environment that will support their learning. Using Piagets theory of cognitive development, a teacher or parents role is to provide the stimulation and observe carefully to see when to step in and interact or change experiences (ref). (125 more) While Piaget stressed the role of maturation in cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky focused on the impact of socio-cultural factors. His Socio-cultural theory of cognitive development saw that social interaction and language has a major influence on the development of childrens thinking. Vygotsky places great importance on the tole of significant adults such as teachers, parents and also peers. -The zone of proximal development: Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children actively seek to discover new principles. However there is emphasis that many of a childs most important discoveries are guided by these significant adults. (ref). Vygotsky realises that some tasks can be beyond a childs reach. The child is close to having the mental skills needed to do the task, but it may be slightly too complex to be mastered alone. The zone of proximal development means children learn with the guidance and assistance of those within their environment. Parents, teachers or other sensitive caregivers will know that children will need assistance, guiding the child to support them in the learning process. Vygosky argued that childrens thinking is highly influenced by interactions and conversations with other peoples. If we want to understand how children think and learn, Vygotsky proposes that we need to observe them when they are relating with others. (ref). Vygotsky proposed that language plays a critical role in learning. He noted that preschoolers often talk to themselves as they complete activities and tasks. He called this Private speech. According to Vygotsky, private speech enables children to talk through problems (ref). Erik Erikson proposed a theory of development that focuses on the emotional and social aspects of development and how these impact on the overall development of the person from infancy to old age. (ref). He called it a Psychosocial theory of development focusing on the social experiences we have in life that shape our psychological make- up. Erikson was a student of Sigmund Freud and believed that the social interactions an individual experiences has a greater influence on development. (ref). Erikson identified eight stages of development over the entire human lifespan, each stage marked by a crisis. If each crisis is resolved in a positive way then the child would develop high self esteem and was more likely to respond to the next crisis in a positive way, developing a healthy personality. If the crisis was resolved in a negative way then it was likely the child would develop low self esteem and have difficulty resolving future crisis. (ref). His theory, particularly the first four stages hold vital considerations for you as a teacher or parent, ensuring that young children develop and maintain a positive sense of emotional wellbeing. -Stage one (0-1 years) Trust vs Mistrust: According to Erikson, a critical emotional struggle in infancy is between trust and mistrust. Emotionally healthy babies come to understand they have nurturing, responsive caregivers who meet their basic needs. They view the world as safe and enter into trusting relationships with caregivers and later, other individuals. However, a degree of mistrust is also important to keep infants safe from harm. But for the most part, the emotionally healthy baby is trusting of the world. (ref) A critical part of achieving trust from Eriksons view is the ability of infants to come to know and develop an emotional tie with caregivers; also known as attachment. Mary Ainsworth described attachment as the affectional tie that one person forms to another specific person, binding them together in space and enduring over time (Ainsworth: 1973). Stage two: (1-3 years) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: Once toddlers have developed a sense of trust with significant adults and understand their basic needs will be met, they are willing to venture away from the safety of parents and caregivers. We see this as striving for control over their environment. (ref). Children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring and trying to do things for themselves (Coon Mitterer: 2007). Offering support, achievable tasks and time, children are more likely to experience success and thus feel autonomous and develop feelings of positive self-esteem. (ref). However, if we are impatient, provide tasks that are too difficult or become unsupportive with their efforts, children will develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities, resulting in low self esteem. Stage three: (3-5 years) Initiative vs Guilt: In this psychosocial theory of development, Erikson saw the preschool years as a time when children develop a sense of initiative. Preschoolers develop an increasing sense of their own ability and have a desire to make things happen. Through play, children learn to make plans and carry out tasks. Parents can reinforce initiative by giving children freedom to play, ask questions, use imagination and choose their own activities. (ref). When encouraged, this sense of initiative will support the development of high self esteem. However, when preschoolers receive negative feedback, prevent play or punished for trying to plan and make things happen they will develop a sense of guilt, thus developing low self esteem. (ref.) -Stage Four (6-12 years) Industry vs Inferiority: Middle childhood is the time to resolve the crisis of industry versus inferiority, according to Erikson. Primary school years are a childs entrance into life, where children begin to learn skills valued by society. His theory states that as children gain positive feedback from developing skills required for their particular culture, they will develop a sense of industry if they win praise for productive activities such as building, painting, cooking, reading and studying. This high self esteem will motivate children to challenge new tasks. However, if children receive negative feedback and have trouble developing skills and a sense of inferiority will arise, resulting in low self esteem and less motivation to try new tasks. (160 more)

Urban Legend of the Goatman of Beltsville, Maryland :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

Goatman of Beltsville, Maryland The storyteller told the story of the Goatman from Beltsville story to me. On a summer night in 2005, she and her friend were driving back from a mall. Her friend took a shortcut home to Beltsville, Maryland by way of Callington Road Bridge. While on this shortcut home, her friend stopped the car on the side of road and turned off the headlights. She proceeded to tell the interviewee the story of the Goatman, emphasizing its truthfulness the entire time. After she heard the story, the interviewee never drove across Callington Road Bridge again. The storyteller told me the story of the Goatman in a mutual friend’s dorm room at night. I had come to the dorm room to ask my friend if he knew any urban legends of ghost stories from around campus or the state of Maryland. The storyteller, a 21-year-old biology major, shouted excitedly from the couch that she knew one. She is from Beltsville, Maryland. Her mother is a lawyer and her father is a math professor. My friend and I sat down on the couch and listened intently as she told the story: The Goatman from Beltsville. In the 1970s, a crazy doctor did a genetic experiment. The doctor bred a goat with a human by fusing the two embryos. A baby was born half human and half goat. It had horns, really thick hair on its face, a tail, sharp teeth, and a temper. The deformed baby grew into a really gross guy. As Goatman grew older he became more and more violent until finally the doctor kicked him out. After that, the Goatman retreated into the forest to live. He eats cats and dogs as his main source of food, and from time to time he eats humans walking alone at night along this one road commonly known as Goatman Hallow (Callington Road Bridge). Goatman is bloodthirsty, fearless, and always on the prowl. Sometimes he wanders into people’s back yards and eats their pets. Owners will find their pets the next day with only the carcasses remaining. Kids are warned not to take the shortcut home through the forest because Goatman might eat them. One time a few kids took the shortcut home at night and this one kid fell behind.